Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen der Ausdehnung des ökologischen Landbaus - Erfahrungen aus drei europäischen Ländern

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklungstendenzen des Ökolandbaus in europäischen Ländern im Verhältnis zu den institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen. Anhand von drei Ländern wird die Beziehung zwischen Organisationen des ökologischen und des konventionellen Landbaus in den Bereichen Berufsstand, Agrarpolitik und Vermarktung exemplarisch dargestellt. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass ein offener Dialog mit gegenseitigem Respekt und vielfältige Initiativen in allen Bereichen für eine kontinuierliche Entwicklung des ökologischen Landbaus förderlich zu sein scheinen

Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen der Ausdehnung des ökologischen Landbaus - Erfahrungen aus drei europäischen Ländern

The paper reviews the development of the organic sector and the institutional conditions in European countries. On the basis of three case studies the interrelationship between organisations of organic and conventional agriculture in the areas of farming community, agricultural policy and food marketing is illustrated. The comparison shows that an open dialog based on mutual respect and a number of initiatives in all three areas appear to be supporting a continuous development of the organic sector.organic farming, institutions, agricultural policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

O palácio das ilusões da tradução austeniana : “Orgulho e preconceito” no sistema literário

Nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, o mercado editorial brasileiro passou por sérias crises e mudanças, as quais acabaram contribuindo para o crescimento da tradução no país, transformando essas décadas na Era de Ouro da tradução. Esta pesquisa, vinculada ao projeto “Tradução e sistema literário – história da tradução no Brasil: a tradução dos clássicos e os escritores/tradutores”, objetiva investigar esse período e sua importância para a história da tradução no Brasil, juntamente com o lugar ocupado pela Editora José Olympio nesse contexto com relação aos clássicos literários estrangeiros traduzidos por autores brasileiros. Em um segundo momento, analisaremos as traduções de duas das obras de Jane Austen publicadas pela José Olympio na Coleção Fogos Cruzados, Orgulho e preconceito, traduzida por Lúcio Cardoso, em 1941, e Mansfield Park, traduzida por Rachel de Queiroz, em 1942. Será feito um estudo comparativo das obras com suas traduções mais recentes, a de Orgulho e preconceito por Alexandre Barbosa de Souza (Penguin Companhia, 2011), e a de Mansfield Park de Mariana Menezes Neumann (BestBolso, 2011). Com isso, pretendemos analisar a apresentação da obra traduzida em relação à sua economia estética e aos paratextos editoriais.During the 1930’s and 1940’s, the Brazilian publishing industry experienced many crisis and changes that, surprisingly as it may be, contributed to the development of the translation practice in Brazil, making of these decades the Golden Age of translation. This research project is part of a major project, “Translation and literary system – the history of translation in Brazil: translation of canons and the writers/translators”, and aimed to investigate this period of time and its importance to the Brazilian translation history. It also studied the role of the Editora José Olympio in this context, regarding the translations of literary classics by Brazilian writers. After that, we analyzed the translations of two of Jane Austen’s titles that have been published by the Editora José Olympio in the Fogos Cruzados Collection, Pride and Prejudice, translated by Lúcio Cardoso, 1941, and Mansfield Park, translated by Rachel de Queiroz, 1942. We conducted a comparative study between these titles and their most recent translations: Pride and Prejudice, translated by Alexandre Barbosa de Souza (Penguin Companhia, 2011), and Mansfield Park, translated by Mariana Menezes Neumann (BestBolso, 2011). By doing this, we aimed to analyze the way these texts were presented to public, regarding its aesthetics and paratexts

GPs’ strategies in exploring the preschool child’s wellbeing in the paediatric consultation

Background: Although General Practitioners (GPs) are uniquely placed to identify children with emotional, social, and behavioural problems, they succeed in identifying only a small number of them. The aim of this article is to explore the strategies, methods, and tools employed by GPs in the assessment of the preschool child’s emotional, mental, social, and behavioural health. We look at how GPs address parental care of the child in general and in situations where GPs have a particular awareness of the child. Method: Twenty-eight Danish GPs were purposively selected to take part in a qualitative study which combined focus-group discussions, observation of child consultations, and individual interviews with GPs. Results: Analysis of the data suggests that GPs have developed a set of methods, and strategies to assess the preschool child and parental care of the child. They look beyond paying narrow attention to the physical health of the child and they have expanded their practice to include the relations and interactions in the consultation room. The physical examination of the child continues to play a central role in doctor-child communication. Conclusion: The participating GPs’ strategies helped them to assess the wellbeing of the preschool child but they often find it difficult to share their impressions with parents

Circulating markers of extracellular matrix remodelling in severe COVID-19 patients

Background Abnormal remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has generally been linked to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. To further elucidate the role of ECM remodelling and excessive fibrogenesis in severe COVID-19, we examined circulating levels of mediators involved in various aspects of these processes in COVID-19 patients. Methods Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalised COVID-19 patients (n = 414). Circulating levels of ECM remodelling mediators were quantified by enzyme immunoassays in samples collected during hospitalisation and at 3-month follow-up. Samples were related to disease severity (respiratory failure and/or treatment at the intensive care unit), 60-day total mortality and pulmonary pathology after 3-months. We also evaluated the direct effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 on the release of the different ECM mediators in relevant cell lines. Results Several of the measured markers were associated with adverse outcomes, notably osteopontin (OPN), S100 calcium-binding protein A12 and YKL-40 were associated with disease severity and mortality. High levels of ECM mediators during hospitalisation were associated with computed tomography thorax pathology after 3-months. Some markers (i.e. growth differential factor 15, galectin 3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9) were released from various relevant cell lines (i.e. macrophages and lung cell lines) in vitro after exposure to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 suggesting a direct link between these mediators and the causal agent of COVID-19. Conclusion Our findings highlight changes to ECM remodelling and particularly a possible role of OPN, S100A12 and YKL-40 in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19